For nearly two centuries, "animal protection" meant welfare: preventing unnecessary suffering while maintaining human dominion.
His breakthrough came through a fallen log. In the circus, food was a reward for a trick. In the sanctuary, food was a discovery. He watched another bear tear into the rotting wood to find grubs. Barnaby mimicked him, his massive claws—once trimmed to the quick—now digging deep into the earth. For nearly two centuries, "animal protection" meant welfare:
Uses a science-based approach to measure well-being (e.g., Five Freedoms). For nearly two centuries