Icao Doc — 8168 Volume 3

Focuses on the operational procedures for flight crews and operations personnel. Purpose and Scope of Volume III

: Guidelines for maintaining safe maneuvering space. icao doc 8168 volume 3

For the next decade, will remain the cornerstone, but it will evolve from a document about radial-based holding to one about space-based holding. Focuses on the operational procedures for flight crews

: Standard operating procedures for transponder operations. will remain the cornerstone

The document clarifies that when DME is used for holding legs, the distance should be measured from the DME station, not from the fix. This is a common source of navigational error.